electronicComponentIt is an indispensable basic component in electronic equipment and systems. They have many types and different functions.Today, we focus on a key "role" of the electronic circuit -resistor.As the "energy converter" of the electronic world, the resistor is not only the infrastructure in the circuit, but also the clever converter of the energy. The core value is the precise limit and guidance of the current.In intricate circuits, it plays multiple important functions such as restricting current, achieving voltage and diversion, and regulating signals to ensure the stable transmission of electronic signals and the safe operation of the circuit.

Definition and working principle

The resistor is a passive electronic component, and its main function is to limit the passing of the current.Through the resistance characteristics of the material, the resistor can generate resistance to the current to control the size of the current.The resistance value of the resistor determines its degree of obstacles to the current. The greater the resistance value, the stronger the hindrance effect, the smaller the current; otherwise, the smaller the resistance, the weaker the hindrance effect, and the larger the current.The resistance value of the resistor is usually based on Ohm (ω).

Resistance classification and characteristics

The variability of the resistor can be divided into a variability based on its resistance valueFixed resistorandVariable resistorEssenceThe fixed resistor is a resistor fixed with resistance. Once the manufacturing is completed, its resistance value is basically no longer changed. It is suitable for most circuits that require stable resistance.Common fixed resistors areCarbon membrane resistorAs well asMetal membrane resistorAs well asWire wound resistorwait.The resistor that can be adjusted within a certain range can be adjusted within a certain range, allowing users to change its resistance by rotating or sliding contacts, so as to achieve dynamic adjustment of circuit parameters, such asSliding resistorAs well asPotentiometerwait.

In addition, the resistor can be classified according to its purpose, accuracy, and encapsulation form.For example, according to different accuracy, the resistor can be divided intoOrdinary resistor(Used for current limit, separation, etc.););Precision resistor(High resistance accuracy, used in circuits that need to be accurately controlled);High -voltage resistor(Can withstand high voltage for high voltage circuits);High -frequency resistor(It has good high -frequency characteristics for high -frequency circuits).According to the different forms of packaging, it can be divided intoDirect plug -in resistorAs well asPatch resistorwait.Each type of resistor has its unique characteristics and application scenarios.

Doricer application instance

Flowing protection:In the LED lighting circuit, in order to prevent the current from being too large, LED lamp beads usually connect a resistor with appropriate resistance to limit the current. damage.

Division circuit:In the occasion that needs to get a lower voltage, such as giving some somechipWhen power supply, the resistor can be used to achieve it.Through reasonable selection of the resistance ratio of the resistor, a higher voltage voltage can be divided into a lower voltage required for the chip.

Signal adjustment:In signal processing circuits, the resistor is often used for the attenuation, magnification or filtering of signals.For example, in the audio amplifier, the resistor can be used to regulate the volume; in the filter, the combination of components such as the resistor and the capacitor uses the screening and filtering of a specific frequency signal.

Circuit protection:In certain high -voltage or high -power circuits, the resistor can also be used as a protective element.For example, adding an appropriate resistor to the power circuit can limit the size of the surge current to protect the power supply and load from damage.

Resistance selection and measurement

When selecting a resistor, multiple factors are required, including resistance, rated power, accuracy, temperature coefficient, packaging form, etc.The choice of resistance should be determined according to the specific needs of the circuit; the rated power should ensure that the resistor will not be damaged due to overheating during the working process; the accuracy should be selected according to the requirements of the circuit to the accuracy of the resistance value; the temperature coefficient reflects the resistance value of the resistance value With the degree of temperature change; the form of packaging is related to the layout of the circuit board and the manufacturing process.

The measurement of the resistor is usually performed using a multimeter.By measuring the voltage at both ends of the resistor and the current (or method of directly measured resistance) through its current (or a method of direct measurement resistance), the actual resistance value of the resistor can be consistent with the nominal value.During the measurement process, we should pay attention to avoid the effects of external electromagnetic interference and temperature changes on the measurement results.

As one of the basic components in the electronic circuit, the resistor's performance stability and reliability have an important impact on the overall performance of the circuit.With the continuous progress of electronic technology and the continuous expansion of application fields, the resistors are constantly innovating and developing.New resistor materials such as nanomaterials,GrapheneThe application of the other makes the performance of the resistor more superior; the application of new manufacturing processes such as precision processing and microelectronics technology makes the volume of the resistor more compact and the cost is lower. At the same time, with the popularization and development of intelligence, networking and other technologies The resistor will also develop in the direction of higher accuracy, higher reliability, lower power consumption to meet wider application needs.